Manipulatives
Learning and retention is enhanced through active experience. By holding and
manipulating a 3D object students can gain insight into spatial and physical concepts that may not be clear or are difficult to either visualize or understand abstractly. While virtual simulations are becoming more and more prevalent, physical models are more effective because they can be held and examined.
3D printers allow teachers and students to produce and share models across many differences. Models exist to help demonstrate concepts in
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biomechanics—finger and knee joints, tendon extensor mechanisms
- biology—folded proteins, demonstrating docking geometries
- aeronautics—wing shapes, wind-tunnel models
- math—3D fractals, knots, polytopes, manifolds, regular polygons
- art— sculpture, objects of antiquity
Science
Free Collections of Fossils
Sites that sell 3D anatomy models
Thingiverse 3D anatomy models
- Anatomic Human Foot
by member DrGlassDPMZ
Click for details
designed in Newtek's Lightwave 3D, as part of the
podcast @ YouTube.com/DrGlassDPM
There are 26 proper bones in the human foot; 28 if you consider the sesamoids of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint complex.
- Human Hand Bones - Thumb
by member siderits
Click for details
© 1999 by Wesley Norman, PhD, DSc
This project used a
Next Engine Laser scanner and was undertaken in association with the
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center and the
Center for Parabiotics Research.
- Human Inner Ear
by member neurothing
Click for details
3D printed model of a human inner ear (cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals) derived from MRI data of a human cadaver. Printed about 12X actual size.
- Right Femur
by member BME_sundevil
Click for details
human femur (right side)that was created from a real bone using a NextEngine 3D scanner.
- Scapula
by member Bror
Click for details
The right scapula bone from
BodyParts3D.
Credit: © The Database Center for Life Science licensed by CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan.
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by member
mechadense
Click for details
This is the front part of the Skull of an around thirty year old man.
Slicer4 was used
to convert the CT data into an rudimentary *.stl of 523MB size.
- BodyParts3D Foot
by member Cbonsig
Click for details
Skeletal human foot, derived from BodyParts3D database. Sliced near the ankle to provide a flat surface for printing (toes up!)
Credit: © The Database Center for Life Science licensed by CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan.
- Aortic Bifurcation
by member Cbonsig
Click for details
This is a 3D print derived from medical imaging of an aortic bifurcation and iliac arteries. The source data set is publicly available in the OsiriX DICOM library. It is a CT scan from a patient that appears to have had one or more iliac stents placed in their right iliac artery.
- Lumbar Vertebrae
by member Cbonsig
Click for details
Lumbar vertebrae, derived from the excellent BodyParts3D database. Includes L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. Sliced in half along the mid-plane so they can be printed easily and glued together.
Credit: © The Database Center for Life Science licensed by CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan.
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by member
Click for details
- RNA Polymerase
by member destroyer2012
Click for details
RNA Polymerase makes RNA from DNA. This protein is the transcriber of messages from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, to tell them what proteins to make! This particular one is a tiny example from the T7 bacteriophage! It's tiny because it has to fit in a virus. "Normal" polymerases, like the kind found in your cells, are 10-20x bigger, and made of many many cofactors and regualatory proteins. The fact is that viruses care less about the quality of RNA they produce than do human cells. It's part of the reason why viruses mutate so fast.
- Formin Homology Domain
by member destroyer2012
Click for details
Formins are proteins that regulate actin filament formation by staying attached to the growing end of filaments and stepping along as new monomers are added to the actin polymer. They protect the growing filament from capping protein, a protein that blocks the formation of unwanted filaments. This is the FH2 (Formin Homology 2) domain of bni1p, a yeast formin (1y64 on pdb).
Free 3D anatomy data
- 3D ear
- 70S Ribosome from member Destroyer
- MRI Scans.
The following process was described in Edible Chocolate Brain from MRI Scan
To convert MRI scans into something that can be printed:
- Converting sliced DICOM data into the STL file format
- Editing and clean up
- Printing
- To convert the DICOM data from the MRI scan into 3D geometry download InVesalius 3, a free, open source medical application (available for the moment for just Windows and GNU Linux).
It generates 3D medical imaging reconstruction based on a sequence of 2D DICOM files acquired with CT or MRI equipments, providing several visualization tools.
- Import your sliced DICOM image files into InVesalius. For highly detailed data you may need to limit the number of images that are used to generate the 3D model.
- Once InVesalius has calculated the model, you can adjust the settings to select only part of the image. You can filter out everything but fat tissue then adjust levels to select as much of the object as possible. You can also remove other parts during the edit and cleanup phase.
- Save as an STL file
- To clean the data use MeshLab or MeshMixer
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If using MeshLab, when you have finished editing , perform a poisson reconstruction to reconstruct the surface of the model. This forms a waterproof mesh suitable for 3D printing. This tool can be found in the filter menu under remeshing> simplification and reconstruction>poisson reconstruction
- Save as an STL file.
- The waterproof STL can then be taken into a CAD software package like 3DS Max, Blender or MeshMixer for additional cleanup or editing.
member
Tony Buser's workflow used to produce his
Bitter Gourd (Melon) MRI Scan
- Find a suitable image from Inside Insides
- In ImageJ: File > Import > Animated Gif
- Select Plugins > 3D > 3D Viewer
- Select Display As: Surface, Color: White
- SelectFile >Export Surfaces As> STL (binary)
- Open file in Meshmixer and clean it up
OsiriX can convert scans to stl files.
ImageJ can be used to convert files.
- Converting CT and MRI data
3D slicer is a free, open source software package for visualization and image analysis for medical files. 3D Slicer is natively designed to be available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac Os X
Slicer provides a graphical user interface to interact with the data. In addition to manual segmentation and the creation of 3D surface models from conventional MRI images.
Click here to learn how to use Slicer.
Download the Slicer4Minute dataset which contains an MR scan of the brain and 3D reconstructions of the anatomy.
- BodyParts3D
In the 2008 paper BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts, (abstract on PubMed, open access
PDF from oxfordjournals.org) some ambitious researchers in Japan set out to create:
BodyParts3D, a dictionary-type database for anatomy in which anatomical concepts are represented by 3D structure data that specify corresponding segments of a 3D whole-body model for an adult human male
The project was funded by The Integrated Database Project, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. (Arigatō!) The website alone is quite impressive, and is even translated into English (see
lifesciencedb). But this project goes beyond just displaying pretty pictures… The native 3D models for thousands of carefully rendered body parts are made freely available under a Creative Commons Share-Alike license! And they can be downloaded from an FTP site, in high resolution!
Here is the article:BodyParts3D: 3D structure database for anatomical concepts.
by Mitsuhashi N, Fujieda K, Tamura T, Kawamoto S, Takagi T, Okubo K
This workflow was used by member Cbonsig
Creating STL models from BodyParts3D
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Download and unzip the OBJ files. The originals are at ftp.biosciencedbc and a copy made by Craig Bonsignore under the the CC-SA license can be found here
- Find the FMA number of the body part of interest. Use the web interface at lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en or by search the English version of the the parts list—parts_list_e.txt— inside the zip file. Many of the FMA numbers on the list refer to groups, rather than individual parts. For example, FMA9664 foot contains FMA70664 set of toes, which contains FMA25047 big toe. You need to find FMA230986 middle phalanx of right little toe and 27 other bones if you’re trying to build a complete skeletal model of the right foot.
- Open Meshlab, and import one or more .OBJ files. Each .OBJ will be on a separate layer in the project. Use Filters > Layer and Attribute Management.
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Save the Meshlab.
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Merge all visible layers into one. Filters > Layer and Attribute Management > Flatten Visible Layers.
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Save the mesh as an STL file. File > Export Mesh > select .STL as type.
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Close the project without saving to preserve the layer organization for each component.
- The data set is not perfect. Much of the detail was subject to artistic interpretation. The models are not anatomically perfect, but they are an excellent free and accessible resource for artists, engineers, makers and students.
Craig Bonsignore put a few of the models on Thingiverse:
Helpful information
You can convert vrml and obj files to stl files with meshlab.
Do final cleanup with
Netfabb
Standards
Mathematics, Science, and Technology
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STANDARD 1
Analysis, Inquiry, and Design: ENGINEERING DESIGN
Key Idea 1: details
Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization (finding the best solution within given constraints); this process is used to develop technological solutions to problems within given constraints. (Note: The design process could apply to activities from simple investigations to long-term projects.)
Elementary
1.1 | Describe objects, imaginary or real, that might be modeled or made differently and suggest ways in which the objects can be changed, fixed, or improved | √ |
1.2 | Investigate prior solutions and ideas from books, magazines, family, friends, neighbors, and community members | √ |
1.3 | Generate ideas for possible solutions, individually and through group activity; apply age-appropriate mathematics and science skills; evaluate the ideas and determine the best solution; and explain reasons for the choices | √ |
1.4 | Plan and build, under supervision, a model of the solution using familiar materials, processes, and hand tools | √ |
1.5 | Discuss how best to test the solution; perform the test under teacher supervision; record and portray results through numerical and graphic means; discuss orally why things worked or didn't work; and summarize results in writing, suggesting ways to make the solution better | √ |
Intermediate
T1.1 | Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions from an investigation of situations of general or social interest. | √ |
T1.1a | Identify a scientific or human need that is subject to a technological solution which applies scientific principles | √ |
T1.2 | Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and human information resources to obtain ideas. | √ |
T1.2a | Use all available information systems for a preliminary search that addresses the need. | √ |
T1.3 | Consider constraints and generate several ideas for alternative solutions, using group and individual ideation techniques (group discussion, brainstorming, forced connections, role play); defer judgment until a number of ideas have been generated; evaluate (critique) ideas; and explain why the chosen solution is optimal. | √ |
T1.3a | Generate ideas for alternative solutions | √ |
T1.3b | Evaluate alternatives based on the constraints of design | √ |
T1.4 | Develop plans, including drawings with measurements and details of construction, and construct a model of the solution, exhibiting a degree of craftsmanship. | √ |
T1.4a | Design and construct a model of the product or process | √ |
T1.4b | Construct a model of the product or process | √ |
T1.5 | In a group setting, test their solution against design specifications, present and evaluate results, describe how the solution might have been modified for different or better results, and discuss trade-offs that might have to be made. | √ |
T1.5a | Test a design | √ |
T1.5b | Evaluate a design | √ |
Commencement
1.1 | Initiate and carry out a thorough investigation of an unfamiliar situation and identify needs and opportunities for technological invention or innovation | √ |
1.2 | identify, locate, and use a wide range of information resources including subject experts, library references, magazines, videotapes, films, electronic data bases and online services, and discuss and document through notes and sketches how findings relate to the problem | |
1.3 | generate creative solution ideas, break ideas into the significant functional elements, and explore possible refinements; predict possible outcomes using mathematical and functional modeling techniques; choose the optimal solution to the problem, clearly documenting ideas against design criteria and constraints; and explain how human values, economics, ergonomics, and environmental considerations have influenced the solution | √ |
1.4 | develop work schedules and plans which include optimal use and cost of materials, processes, time, and expertise; construct a model of the solution, incorporating developmental modifications while working to a high degree of quality (craftsmanship) | √ |
1.5 | in a group setting, devise a test of the solution relative to the design criteria and perform the test; record, portray, and logically evaluate performance test results through quanitative, graphic, and verbal means; and use a variety of creative verbal and graphic techniques effectively and persuasively to present conclusions, predict impacts and new problems, and suggest and pursue modifications | |
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STANDARD 2
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Key Idea 1: details
Information technology is used to retrieve, process, and communicate information as a tool to enhance learning.
Elementary
1.1 | Use computer technology,traditional paper-based resources,and interpersonal discussions to learn, do, and share science in the classroom | √ |
1.2 | Select appropriate hardware and software that aids in wordprocessing, creating databases, telecommunications, graphing, data display, and other tasks | √ |
1.3 | Use information technology to link the classroom to world events | |
Intermediate
1.1 | Use a range of equipment and software to integrate several forms of information in
order to create good-quality audio, video, graphic, and text-based presentations. | |
1.2 | Use spreadsheets and database software to collect, process, display, and analyze information. Students access needed information from electronic databases and on-line telecommunication services. | |
1.3 | Systematically obtain accurate and relevant information pertaining to a particular topic from a range of sources, including local and national media, libraries, muse- ums, governmental agencies, industries, and individuals. | |
1.4 | Collect data from probes to measure events and phenomena. | |
1.4a | Collect the data, using the appropriate, available tool | |
1.4b | Organize the data | |
1.4c | Use the collected data to communicate a scientific concept | √ |
1.5 | Use simple modeling programs to make predictions. | |
Physics
1.1 | Understand and use the more advanced features of word processing, spreadsheets,
and database software. | |
1.2 | Prepare multimedia presentations demonstrating a clear sense of audience and
purpose. (Note: Multimedia may include posters, slides, images, presentation software, etc.) | √ |
1.2a | Extend knowledge of physical phenomena through independent investigation,
e.g., literature review, electronic resources, library research | |
1.2b | Use appropriate technology to gather experimental data, develop models,and
present results | √ |
1.3 | Access, select, collate, and analyze information obtained from a wide range of
sources such as research databases, foundations, organizations, national libraries, and electronic communication networks, including the Internet. | |
1.3a | Use knowledge of physics to evaluate articles in the popular press on
contemporary scientific topics | |
1.4 | Utilize electronic networks to share information. | √ |
1.5 | Model solutions to a range of problems in mathematics, science, and technology, using computer simulation software. | √ |
1.5a | Use software to model and extend classroom and laboratory experiences,recognizing the differences between the model used for understanding and real-world behavior | √ |
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STANDARD 5
Technology: Engineering Design
Key Idea 1:details
Engineering design is an iterative process involving modeling and optimization used to develop technological solutions to problems within given constraints.
Elementary
T1.1 | Describe objects, imaginary or real, that might be
modeled or made differently and suggest ways in which
the objects can be changed, fixed, or improved. | √ |
T1.2 | Investigate prior solutions and ideas from books,
magazines, family, friends, neighbors, and community
members. | √ |
T1.3 | Generate ideas for possible solutions, individually and
through group activity; apply age-appropriate mathematics and science skills; evaluate the ideas and determine the best solution; and explain reasons for the choices. | √ |
T1.4 | Plan and build, under supervision, a model of the solution using familiar materials, processes, and hand tools | √ |
T1.5 | Discuss how best to test the solution; perform the test under teacher supervision; record and portray results through numerical and graphic means; discuss orally why things worked or didn't work; and summarize results in writing, suggesting ways to make the solution better. | √ |
Intermediate
T1.1 | Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions
from an investigation of situations of general or social
interest. | √ |
T1.2 | Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and
human information resources to obtain ideas. | √ |
T1.3 | Consider constraints and generate several ideas for
alternative solutions, using group and individual ideation techniques (group discussion, brainstorming, forced connections, role play); defer judgment until a number of ideas have been generated; evaluate (critique) ideas; and explain why the chosen solution is optimal. | √ |
T1.4 | Develop plans, including drawings with measurements and details of construction, and construct a model of the solution, exhibiting a degree of craftsmanship. | √ |
T1.5 | In a group setting, test their solution against design specifications, present and evaluate results, describe how the solution might have been modified for different or better results, and discuss tradeoffs that might have to be made. | √ |
Commencement
T1.1 | Initiate and carry out a thorough investigation of an
unfamiliar situation and identify needs and
opportunities for technological invention or innovation. | √ |
T1.2 | Identify, locate, and use a wide range of information
resources including subject experts, library references, magazines, videotapes, films, electronic data bases and on-line services, and discuss and document through notes and sketches how findings relate to the problem. | |
T1.3 | Generate creative solution ideas, break ideas into the significant functional elements, and explore possible refinements; predict possible outcomes using mathematical and functional modeling techniques; choose the optimal solution to the problem, clearly documenting ideas against design criteria and constraints; and explain how human values, economics, ergonomics, and environmental considerations have influenced the solution. | √ |
T1.4 | Develop work schedules and plans which include optimal use and cost of materials, processes, time, and expertise; construct a model of the solution, incorporating developmental modifications while working to a high degree of quality (craftsmanship). | √ |
T1.5 | In a group setting, devise a test of the solution relative to the design criteria and perform the test; record, portray, and logically evaluate performance test results through quantitative, graphic, and verbal means; and use a variety of creative verbal and graphic techniques effectively and persuasively to present conclusions, predict impacts and new problems, and suggest and pursue modifications. | |
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STANDARD 5
Technology: Engineering Design
Key Idea 2: details
Technological tools, materials, and other resources should be selected on the basis of safety, cost, availability, appropriateness, and environmental impact; technological processes change energy, information, and material resources into more useful forms.
Elementary
2.1 | Explore, use, and process a variety of materials and energy sources to design and construct things. | √ |
2.2 | Understand the importance of safety, cost, ease of use, and availability in selecting tools and resources for a specific purpose. | |
2.3 | Develop basic skill in the use of hand tools | |
2.4 | Use simple manufacturing processes (e.g., assembly, multiple stages of production, quality control) to produce a product | √ |
2.5 | Use appropriate graphic and electronic tools and techniques to process information. | √ |
Intermediate
2.1 | Choose and use resources for a particular purpose based upon an analysis and understanding of their properties, costs, availability, and environmental impact | √ |
2.2 | Use a variety of hand tools and machines to change materials into new forms through forming, separating, and combining processes, and processes which cause internal change to occur | √ |
2.3 | Combine manufacturing processes with other technological processes to produce, market, and distribute a product | |
2.4 | Process energy into other forms and information into more meaningful information. | |
Commencement
2.1 | Test, use, and describe the attributes of a range of material (including synthetic and composite materials), information, and energy resources | √ |
2.2 | Select appropriate tools, instruments, and equipment and use them correctly to process materials, energy, and information | √ |
2.3 | Explain tradeoffs made in selecting alternative resources in terms of safety, cost, properties, availability, ease of processing, and disposability | |
2.4 | Describe and model methods (including computer-based methods) to control system processes and monitor system outputs | √ |
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STANDARD 5
Technology: Computer Technology
Key Idea 3: details
Computers, as tools for design, modeling, information processing, communication, and system control, have greatly increased human productivity and knowledge.
Elementary
3.1 | Identify and describe the function of the major
components of a computer system. | |
3.2 | Use the computer as a tool for generating and drawing
ideas. | √ |
3.3 | Control computerized devices and systems through
programming. | √ |
3.4 | Model and simulate the design of a complex environment
by giving direct commands. | |
Intermediate
3.1 | Assemble a computer system including keyboard, central processing unit and disc drives, mouse, modem, printer, and monitor | |
3.2 | Use a computer system to connect to and access needed information from various Internet sites | √ |
3.3 | Use computer hardware and software to draw and dimension prototypical designs | √ |
3.4 | Use a computer as a modeling tool | √ |
3.5 | Use a computer system to monitor and control external events and/or systems | √ |
Commencement
3.1 | Understand basic computer architecture and describe the function of computer subsystems and peripheral devices | |
3.2 | Select a computer system that meets personal needs | |
3.3 | Attach a modem to a computer system and telephone line, set up and use communications software, connect to various online networks, including the Internet, and access needed information using email, telnet, gopher, ftp, and web searches | |
3.4 | Use computer-aided drawing and design (CADD) software to model realistic solutions to design problems | √ |
3.5 | Develop an understanding of computer programming and attain some facility in writing computer programs | √ |
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STANDARD 5
Technology: Impacts of Technology
Key Idea 6: details
Technology can have positive and negative impacts on individuals, society, and the environment and humans have the capability and responsibility to constrain or promote technological development.
Elementary
6.1 | Describe how technology can have positive and negative
effects on the environment and on the way people live and work. | √ |
Intermediate
6.1 | Describe how outputs of a technological system can be desired, undesired, expected, or unexpected | |
6.2 | Describe through examples how modern technology reduces manufacturing and construction costs and produces more uniform products | |
Commencement
6.1 | Explain that although technological effects are complex and difficult to predict accurately, humans can control the development and implementation of technology. | |
6.2 | Explain how computers and automation have changed the nature of work | |
6.3 | Explain how national security is dependent upon both military and nonmilitary applications of technology | |
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STANDARD 5
Technology: Management of Technology
Key Idea 7: details
Project management is essential to ensuring that technological endeavors are profitable and that products and systems are of high quality and built safely, on schedule, and within budget.
Elementary
7.1 | Participate in small group projects and in structured
group tasks requiring planning, financing, production,
quality control, and follow-up. | √ |
7.2 | Speculate on and model possible technological solutions
that can improve the safety and quality of the school or community environment. | |
Intermediate
7.1 | Manage time and financial resources in a technological project | |
7.2 | Provide examples of products that are well (and poorly) designed and made, describe their positive and negative attributes, and suggest measures that can be implemented to monitor quality during production | |
7.3 | Assume leadership responsibilities within a structured group activity | √ |
Commencement
7.1 | Develop and use computer-based scheduling and project tracking tools, such as flow charts and graphs | |
7.2 | Explain how statistical process control helps to assure high quality output | |
7.3 | Discuss the role technology has played in the operation of successful U.S. businesses and under what circumstance they are competitive with other countries | |
7.4 | Explain how technological inventions and innovations stimulate economic competitiveness and how, in order for an innovation to lead to commercial success, it must be translated into products and services with marketplace demand | |
7.5 | Describe new management techniques (e.g., computer-aided engineering, computer-integrated manufacturing, total quality management, just-in-time manufacturing), incorporate some of these in a technological endeavor, and explain how they have reduced the length of design-to-manufacture cycles, resulted in more flexible factories, and improved quality and customer satisfaction | |
7.6 | Help to manage a group engaged in planning, designing, implementation, and evaluation of a project to gain understanding of the management dynamics | √ |
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STANDARD 6
Interconnectedness: Common Themes
SYSTEMS THINKING:
Key Idea 1: details
Through systems thinking, people can recognize the commonalities that exist among all systems and how parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform specific functions.
Elementary
1.1 | Observe and describe interactions among components of
simple systems. | √ |
1.2 | Identify common things that can be considered to be
systems (e.g., a plant population, a subway system, human beings). | |
Intermediate
1.1 | Describe the differences between dynamic systems and
organizational systems. | |
1.2 | describe the differences and similarities between
engineering systems, natural systems, and social systems. | |
1.3 | Describe the differences between open- and closed-loop
systems. | |
1.4 | Describe how the output from one part of a system
(which can include material, energy, or information) can become the input to other parts. | |
Commencement
1.1 | Explain how positive feedback and negative feedback
have opposite effects on system outputs. | |
1.2 | Use an input-process-output-feedback diagram to model
and compare the behavior of natural and engineered
systems. | |
1.3 | Define boundary conditions when doing systems analysis to determine what
influences a system and how it behaves. | |
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STANDARD 6
Interconnectedness: Common Themes
OPTIMIZATION:
Key Idea 6: details
In order to arrive at the best solution that meets criteria within constraints, it is often necessary to make trade-offs.
Elementary
6.1 | Choose the best alternative of a set of solutions under given constraints. | √ |
6.2 | Explain the criteria used in selecting a solution orally and in writing | √ |
Intermediate
6.1 | Determine the criteria and constraints and make trade-offs to determine the best decision. | √ |
6.2 | Use graphs of information for a decision-making problem to determine the optimum solution. | |
Physics
| Determine optimal solutions to problems that can be solved using quantitative methods | √ |
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STANDARD 7
Interdisciplinary Problem Solving
STRATEGIES:
Key Idea 2: details
Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies, including effective work habits; gathering and processing information; generating and analyzing ideas; realizing ideas; making connections among the common themes of mathematics, science, and technology; and presenting results.
Physics
2.1 | Collect,analyze,interpret,and present data,using appropriate tools | √ |
2.2 | When students participate in an extended,culminating mathematics,science,and
technology project, then students should: |
| Work effectively—Contributing to the work of a brainstorming group, laboratory partnership, cooperative learning group, or project team; planning procedures; identify and managing responsibilities of team members; and staying on task, whether working alone or as part of a group.
| √ |
| Gather and process information —Accessing information from printed media, electronic data bases, and community resources and using the information to develop a definition of the problem and to research possible solutions. | √ |
| Generate and analyze ideas — Developing ideas for proposed solutions, investigating ideas, collecting data, and showing relationships and patterns in the data. | √ |
| Observe common themes—Observing examples of common unifying themes, applying them to the problem, and using them to better understand the dimensions of the problem. | √ |
| Realize ideas—Constructing components or models, arriving at a solution, and evaluating the result.
| √ |
| Present results—Using a variety of media to present the solution and to communicate the results. | √ |
CDOS
- Standard 2: Integrated Learning
details
Students will demonstrate how academic knowledge and skills are applied in the workplace and other settings.
Integrated learning encourages students to use essential academic concepts, facts, and procedures in applications related to life skills and the world of work. This approach allows students to see the usefulness of the concepts that they are being asked to learn and to understand their potential application in the world of work.
Elementary
2.1 | Identify academic knowledge and skills that are required
in specific occupations | |
2.2 | Demonstrate the difference between the knowledge of a
skill and the ability to use the skill | |
2.3 | Solve problems that call for applying academic
knowledge and skills. | √ |
Intermediate
2.1 | Apply academic knowledge and skills using an interdisciplinary approach to demonstrate the relevance of how these skills are applied in work-related situations in local, state, national, and international communities | |
2.2 | Solve problems that call for applying academic knowledge and skills | √ |
2.3 | Use academic knowledge and skills in an occupational context, and demonstrate the application of these skills by using a variety of communication techniques (e.g., sign language, pictures, videos, reports, and technology). | |
Commencement
2.1 | Demonstrate the integration and application of academic
and occupational skills in their school learning, work,
and personal lives. | √ |
2.2 | Use academic knowledge and skills in an occupational
context, and demonstrate the application of these skills by using a variety of communication techniques (e.g., sign language, pictures, videos, reports, and technology) | √ |
2.3 | Research, interpret, analyze, and evaluate information and experiences as related to academic knowledge and technical skills when completing a career plan. | |
- Standard 3a: Universal Foundation Skills
details
Students will demonstrate mastery of the foundation skills and competencies essential for success in the workplace.
- Basic skills
Basic skills include the ability to read, write, listen, and speak as well as perform arithmetical and mathematical functions.
Elementary
3.1.1 | Listen to and read the ideas of others and express
themselves both orally and in writing; they use basic mathematical concepts and computations to solve problems. | √ |
Intermediate
3.1.1 | Listen to and read the ideas of others and analyze what
they hear and read; acquire and use information from a variety of sources; and apply a combination of mathematical operations to solve problems in oral or written form. | √ |
Commencement
3.1.1 | Use a combination of techniques to read or listen to
complex information and analyze what they hear or read; convey information confidently and coherently in written or oral form; and analyze and solve mathematical problems requiring use of multiple computational skills. | √ |
- Thinking skills
Thinking skills lead to problem solving, experimenting, and focused observation and allow the application of knowledge to new and unfamiliar situations.
Elementary
3.2.1 | Use ideas and information to make decisions and solve
problems related to accomplishing a task.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.2.1 | Evaluate facts, solve advanced problems, and make
decisions by applying logic and reasoning skills.
| √ |
Commencement
3.2.1 | Demonstrate the ability to organize and process
information and apply skills in new ways.
| √ |
- Personal Qualities
Personal qualities generally include competence in self-management and the ability to plan, organize, and take independent action.
Elementary
3.3.1 | Demonstrate the personal qualities that lead to
responsible behavior.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.3.1 | Demonstrate the ability to work with others, present facts
that support arguments, listen to dissenting points of view, and reach a shared decision.
| √ |
Commencement
3.3.1 | Demonstrate leadership skills in setting goals, monitoring
progress, and improving their performance.
| √ |
- Interpersonal Skills
Positive interpersonal qualities lead to teamwork and cooperation in large and small groups in family, social, and work situations.
Elementary
3.4.1 | Relate to people of different ages and from diverse
backgrounds.
| |
Intermediate
3.4.1 | Demonstrate the ability to work with others, present facts
that support arguments, listen to dissenting points of view, and reach a shared decision.
| √ |
Commencement
3.4.1 | Communicate effectively and help others to learn a new
skill.
| √ |
- Technology
Technology is the process and product of human skill and ingenuity in designing and creating things from available resources to satisfy personal and societal needs and wants.
Elementary
3.5.1 | Demonstrate an awareness of the different types of
technology available to them and of how technology affects society.
| |
Intermediate
3.5.1 | Select and use appropriate technology to complete a task.
| √ |
Commencement
3.5.1 | Apply their knowledge of technology to identify and solve
problems.
| √ |
- Managing Information
Information management focuses on the ability to access and use information obtained from other people, community resources, and computer networks.
Elementary
3.6.1 | Describe the need for data and obtain data to make
decisions.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.6.1 | Select and communicate information in an appropriate
format (e.g., oral, written, graphic, pictorial, multimedia).
| √ |
Commencement
3.6.1 | Use technology to acquire, organize, and communicate
information by entering, modifying, retrieving, and storing data.
| √ |
- Managing Resources
Using resources includes the application of financial and human factors, and the elements of time and materials to successfully carry out a planned activity.
Elementary
3.7.1 | Demonstrate an awareness of the knowledge, skills,
abilities, and resources needed to complete a task.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.7.1 | Understand the material, human, and financial resources
needed to accomplish tasks and activities.
| √ |
Commencement
3.7.1 | Allocate resources to complete a task.
| √ |
- Systems
Systems skills include the understanding of and ability to work within natural and constructed systems.
Elementary
3.8.1 | Demonstrate understanding of how a system operates
and identify where to obtain information and resources within the system.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.8.1 | Understand the process of evaluating and modifying
systems within an organization.
| √ |
Commencement
3.8.1 | Demonstrate an understanding of how systems
performance relates to the goals, resources, and functions of an organization.
| √ |
Career Development and Occupational Studies
Standards-based education addresses three types of standards
- content—identify what students should know and be able to do
- performance—identify levels of achievement in relation to the content standards, answering the question "How good is good enough?"
- opportunity-to-learn—the availability of resources, programs, and qualified teachers needed to enable the students to meet the identified standards.
Meeting CDOS Standards means:
- Learning experiences have real-life applications.
- Lessons are authentic and project-based.
- Lessons are experiential in nature.
- Lessons are hands-on.
- Lessons connect to careers.
- Students are able to connect present learning to future goals.
- Students explore various career paths without limiting their choices.
- Students engage in career role-playing.
- Students learn and then apply skills they learn in school.
- Students participate in entrepreneurial endeavors in the school environment.
- Students integrate knowledge with experience.
- Students offer comments of how much they are looking forward to their future careers because classroom activities are relevant to the real world.
- The teacher discusses his/her own skills with students.
- Assessment directly measures performance.
-
Standard 2:details
Integrated Learning
Students will demonstrate how academic knowledge and skills are applied in the workplace and other settings.
Integrated learning encourages students to use essential academic concepts, facts, and procedures in applications related to life skills and the world of work. This approach allows students to see the usefulness of the concepts that they are being asked to learn and to understand their potential application in the world of work.
Elementary
2.1 | Identify academic knowledge and skills that are required
in specific occupations | |
2.2 | Demonstrate the difference between the knowledge of a
skill and the ability to use the skill | |
2.3 | Solve problems that call for applying academic
knowledge and skills. | √ |
Intermediate
2.1 | Apply academic knowledge and skills using an interdisciplinary approach to demonstrate the relevance of how these skills are applied in work-related situations in local, state, national, and international communities | |
2.2 | Solve problems that call for applying academic knowledge and skills | √ |
2.3 | Use academic knowledge and skills in an occupational context, and demonstrate the application of these skills by using a variety of communication techniques (e.g., sign language, pictures, videos, reports, and technology). | |
Commencement
2.1 | Demonstrate the integration and application of academic
and occupational skills in their school learning, work,
and personal lives. | √ |
2.2 | Use academic knowledge and skills in an occupational
context, and demonstrate the application of these skills by using a variety of communication techniques (e.g., sign language, pictures, videos, reports, and technology) | √ |
2.3 | Research, interpret, analyze, and evaluate information and experiences as related to academic knowledge and technical skills when completing a career plan. | |
- Standard 3a: details
Universal Foundation Skills Students will demonstrate mastery of the foundation skills and competencies essential for success in the workplace.
- Basic skills
Basic skills include the ability to read, write, listen, and speak as well as perform arithmetical and mathematical functions.
Elementary
3.1.1 | Listen to and read the ideas of others and express
themselves both orally and in writing; they use basic mathematical concepts and computations to solve problems. | √ |
Intermediate
3.1.1 | Listen to and read the ideas of others and analyze what
they hear and read; acquire and use information from a variety of sources; and apply a combination of mathematical operations to solve problems in oral or written form. | √ |
Commencement
3.1.1 | Use a combination of techniques to read or listen to
complex information and analyze what they hear or read; convey information confidently and coherently in written or oral form; and analyze and solve mathematical problems requiring use of multiple computational skills. | √ |
- Thinking skills
Thinking skills lead to problem solving, experimenting, and focused observation and allow the application of knowledge to new and unfamiliar situations.
Elementary
3.2.1 | Use ideas and information to make decisions and solve
problems related to accomplishing a task.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.2.1 | Evaluate facts, solve advanced problems, and make
decisions by applying logic and reasoning skills.
| √ |
Commencement
3.2.1 | Demonstrate the ability to organize and process
information and apply skills in new ways.
| √ |
- Personal Qualities
Personal qualities generally include competence in self-management and the ability to plan, organize, and take independent action.
Elementary
3.3.1 | Demonstrate the personal qualities that lead to
responsible behavior.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.3.1 | Demonstrate the ability to work with others, present facts
that support arguments, listen to dissenting points of view, and reach a shared decision.
| √ |
Commencement
3.3.1 | Demonstrate leadership skills in setting goals, monitoring
progress, and improving their performance.
| √ |
- Interpersonal Skills
Positive interpersonal qualities lead to teamwork and cooperation in large and small groups in family, social, and work situations.
Elementary
3.4.1 | Relate to people of different ages and from diverse
backgrounds.
| |
Intermediate
3.4.1 | Demonstrate the ability to work with others, present facts
that support arguments, listen to dissenting points of view, and reach a shared decision.
| √ |
Commencement
3.4.1 | Communicate effectively and help others to learn a new
skill.
| √ |
- Technology
Technology is the process and product of human skill and ingenuity in designing and creating things from available resources to satisfy personal and societal needs and wants.
Elementary
3.5.1 | Demonstrate an awareness of the different types of
technology available to them and of how technology affects society.
| |
Intermediate
3.5.1 | Select and use appropriate technology to complete a task.
| √ |
Commencement
3.5.1 | Apply their knowledge of technology to identify and solve
problems.
| √ |
- Managing Information
Information management focuses on the ability to access and use information obtained from other people, community resources, and computer networks.
Elementary
3.6.1 | Describe the need for data and obtain data to make
decisions.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.6.1 | Select and communicate information in an appropriate
format (e.g., oral, written, graphic, pictorial, multimedia).
| √ |
Commencement
3.6.1 | Use technology to acquire, organize, and communicate
information by entering, modifying, retrieving, and storing data.
| √ |
- Managing Resources
Using resources includes the application of financial and human factors, and the elements of time and materials to successfully carry out a planned activity.
Elementary
3.7.1 | Demonstrate an awareness of the knowledge, skills,
abilities, and resources needed to complete a task.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.7.1 | Understand the material, human, and financial resources
needed to accomplish tasks and activities.
| √ |
Commencement
3.7.1 | Allocate resources to complete a task.
| √ |
- Systems
Systems skills include the understanding of and ability to work within natural and constructed systems.
Elementary
3.8.1 | Demonstrate understanding of how a system operates
and identify where to obtain information and resources within the system.
| √ |
Intermediate
3.8.1 | Understand the process of evaluating and modifying
systems within an organization.
| √ |
Commencement
3.8.1 | Demonstrate an understanding of how systems
performance relates to the goals, resources, and functions of an organization.
| √ |
- Standard 3b: details
Career Majors Students who choose a career major will acquire the career-specific technical knowledge/skills necessary to progress toward gainful employment, career advancement, and success in postsecondary programs.
- Business/Information Systems
Core
3b.1 | Basic Business Understanding—demonstrate an understanding of business, marketing,
and multinational economic concepts, perform business-related mathematical computations, and analyze/interpret business-related numerical information.
| |
3b.2 | Business-Related Technology—select, apply, and troubleshoot hardware and software
used in the processing of business transactions.
| |
3b.3 | Information Management/Communication—prepare, maintain, interpret/analyze, and transmit/
distribute information in a variety of formats while demonstrating the oral, nonverbal, and written communication skills essential for working in today's international service-/information-/technological-based economy.
| |
3b.4 | Business Systems—demonstrate an understanding of the interrelatedness
of business, social, and economic systems/subsystems.
| |
Specialized
3b.5 | Resource Management—identify, organize, plan, and allocate resources (e.g.,
financial, materials/facilities, human, time) in demonstrating the ability to manage their lives as learners, contributing family members, globally competitive workers, and self-sufficient individuals.
| |
Experiential
3b.1 | Basic Business Understanding—demonstrate an understanding of business, marketing,
and multinational economic concepts, perform business-related mathematical computations, and analyze/interpret business-related numerical information.
| |
3b.2 | Business-Related Technology—select, apply, and troubleshoot hardware and software
used in the processing of business transactions.
| |
3b.3 | Information Management/Communication—prepare, maintain, interpret/analyze, and transmit/
distribute information in a variety of formats while demonstrating the oral, nonverbal, and written communication skills essential for working in today's international service-/information-/technological-based economy.
| |
3b.4 | Business Systems—demonstrate an understanding of the interrelatedness
of business, social, and economic systems/subsystems.
| |
3b.5 | Resource Management—identify, organize, plan, and allocate resources (e.g.,
financial, materials/facilities, human, time) in demonstrating the ability to manage their lives as learners, contributing family members, globally competitive workers, and self-sufficient individuals.
| |
3b.6 | Interpersonal Dynamics—exhibit interpersonal skills essential for success in the
multinational business world, demonstrate basic leader- ship abilities/skills, and function effectively as members of a work group or team.
| |
- Engineering/Technologies
Core, Specialized and Experiential
3b.1 | Foundation Development—Develop practical understanding of engineering
technology through reading, writing, sample problem solving, and employment experiences.
| |
3b.2 | Technology—Demonstrate how all types of engineering/technical
organizations, equipment (hardware/software), and well-trained human resources assist and expedite the production/distribution of goods and services
| |
3b.3 | Engineering/Industrial Processes—Demonstrate knowledge of planning, product
development and utilization, and evaluation that meets the needs of industry.
| |
Essential Questions
details
Who am I as a citizen? | Students develop self-management skills for researching a topic. Students develop critical thinking skills. Students develop effective interpersonal skills. | |
How are my school experiences connected to my future success? | Students will acquire skills in decision making, communication, and teamwork. Students will learn various management skills. Students will participate in a simulated work environment. |
|
How are my social skills related to my future success? | Students will predict future situations. Students will work as a team to complete a project.
Students will develop problem-solving strategies. Students will interact effectively with team partners. | |
How do I develop the skills and abilities that I need to be successful in a career? How do I find out what I want to
know? |
Students will research topics using the internet | |
Why do the choices I make now matter to my future? | Students will gain an awareness of the importance of personal responsibility and good work habits. Students will gain an awareness of the impact of their actions and choices. | |
How do I affect the systems within which I live and work? | |
Basic Business Understanding | |
Business-Related Technology | |
Business Systems | |
Resource Management | |
Interpersonal Dynamics | |
|
Complete development of career plan | |
Apply decision-making skills in selection of a career option
| |
Analyze skills and abilities in a career option | |
|
Demonstrate integration and application | |
Use academic knowledge and skills | |
Research, interpret, analyze, and evaluate information | |
Basic Skills | |
Thinking Skills | |
Personal Qualities | |
Interpersonal Skills | |
Technology | |
Managing Information | |
Managing Resources | |
Systems | |